The Flow of English
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    • Sound Primer >
      • Introduction
      • English Vowels
      • English Pre-Test
    • Unit 1 >
      • Lesson 1
      • Lesson 2
      • Lesson 3
      • Lesson 4
      • Lesson 5
      • Lesson 6
    • Unit 2 >
      • Lesson 7
      • Lesson 8
      • Lesson 9
      • Lesson 10
      • Lesson 11
      • Lesson 12
    • Unit 3 >
      • Lesson 13
      • Lesson 14
      • Lesson 15
      • Lesson 16
      • Lesson 17
      • Lesson 18
      • Lesson 19
    • Unit 4 >
      • Lesson 20
      • Lesson 21
      • Lesson 22
      • Lesson 23
      • Lesson 24
      • Lesson 25
  • Drill Index
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The Flow of English Drill Index

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The drills listed above are meant to address both general speech issues and problems specifically related to the English language. Don't get frustrated if you don't accomplish the goals of the drills right away - everything just takes a bit of repeated practice and rest.

Enjoy, and keep on flowin!
-Idahosa Ness

The English Sound Menu

Everything we say in English is made from a combination of the sounds below.  For each possible English sound, we review how it is made in the speech organ and how it is sound.  To help you tune your ear to a specific sound, I have provided word lists for you to download and listen to closely.  

Vowel Sounds

  • ɑ
  • i
  • u
  • eɪ
  • oʊ
  • ɪ
  • ɛ
  • ɔ
  • ə
  • æ
  • ʊ
  • aɪ
  • ɔɪ
  • aʊ
  • ẽ

Consonant Sounds

  • m
  • p
  • b
  • f
  • v
  • ð
  • θ
  • ɹ
  • s
  • z
  • t
  • d
  • l
  • n
  • #
  • k
  • ​ʔ
  • g
  • w
  • h
  • ɫ
  • %
  • ʃ
  • ʒ
  • j
  • &
  • ŋ

English Sound Comparisons

It is very often the case that you will confuse one sound with another, and this will hinder your ability to speak and understand English.  For each possible vowel confusion, there is a page highlighting the difference in tongue position and sounds using word lists.  For each possible consonant, there is a page highlighting the differences in articulation and sound in different syllable contexts.  Audio is available for download.

Vowel Comparisons

  • ɑ vs æ
  • ɑ vs ʊ
  • ɑ vs. ə
  • ɑ vs.ɔ
  • i vs. ɪ
  • u vs ə
  • u vs ʊ
  • oʊ vs. ɔ
  • ɪ vs. eɪ


  • ɛ vs. ɪ
  • ɪ vs ʊ
  • ɛ vs. eɪ
  • ɛ vs. æ
  • ʊ vs. ə
  • aɪ vs. a

Consonant Comparisons

Phonation Pairs
  • p vs. b
  • f vs. v
  • θ vs. ð
  • s vs. z
  • t vs d
  • k vs. g
  • # vs %
  • b vs. v
  • θ vs. s
  • θ vs. t
  • ð vs. z
  • n vs. ŋ
  • l vs. n
  • l vs. ɫ
  • & vs. l
  • ʃ vs. ʒ

  • & vs. d
  • & vs. t
  • & vs. ɹ
  • # vs. ʃ
  • % vs. ʒ
  • % vs j
  • f vs h​

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